流水浮生

　《新周刊》，纪念柏林墙倒塌20周年。

-------------

    1961年8月15号，19岁的下士舒曼在一团铁丝网边站岗，他的西边，一大堆示威者在咒骂他；他的东边，也有一大堆示威者在咒骂他。后来他回忆说：“我只是在尽责而已，但所有人都在咒骂我……作为一个年轻人，我难过极了。”可能是他眼神里的惊恐被察觉了，西边的人转而对他大喊：过来！过来！舒曼犹豫了一阵，突然把手里的香烟一扔，向西跑去，纵身一跳，越过铁丝网——

    跳到了西柏林。

    这是东西柏林被正式封闭的第三天。后来那道著名的柏林墙所在的位置，当时还只是高低不齐的铁丝网。舒曼跳过铁丝网的情景，正好被记者拍下，成为冷战德国的一个经典照片。

    在Frederick Taylor的这本《柏林墙》中，舒曼的跳跃是一个意象：书中形形色色的舒曼在以各种各样的方式“跳”到西柏林——有趁着夜黑风高从易北河游过去的，有从下水道的屎尿中爬过去的，有冒生命危险挖地道过去的，有干脆直接冲过去的，当然更多的是通过假证件从关卡穿行。当然不是所有人都像舒曼这样幸运：18岁的费希特强行闯关时被当场开枪打死，25岁的杜利克在潜游时遭到机枪追击，慌乱中淹死。据统计，柏林墙有100多个这样的牺牲品。

    到西柏林去本来是不用“跳”的，“走”着去就行。但从49年民主德国建立开始，走着去西柏林并且一去不返的人实在太多了：1953年，40万东德人涌向西德；1954年，20万；1955-1959年，每年25万；1960年20万……12年里，东德失去了1/6人口。照此下去，东德的社会主义天堂不久就会空空如也了。为了将人民挽留在天堂，东德总书记乌尔布里奇在苏联的批准下建造了柏林墙。对他来说，这堵墙是对西方斗争的伟大胜利，但是肯尼迪却嘲讽道，这堵墙是他对失败的公开承认。

    今天回头看西方的60年代，不得不承认它是一个左翼年代。我看过一个反映西德左翼恐怖组织“红色军系”的电影《Badder Meinhof Complex》，审判该组织时，法庭上广大听众简直可以说是在为其热烈喝彩。掌声虽然热烈，但是鼓掌的人似乎也没有谁穿过下水道爬到东德去。理想主义青年们也许会高举乌托邦标语喊口号，但是他们的双脚却精明地留在了腐朽的资本主义。

    好在这世上有“用脚投票”这事，让我们能够拨开口号的迷雾去判断制度的优劣。世界头号公共知识分子乔姆斯基痛批西方的书尽可以永远占据排行榜第一，G20或者WTO开会时示威者尽可以一次一次宣布资本主义死刑，但是非洲人、拉美人、亚洲人往欧美移民的脚步却不会因此停止。人类的头脑充满智慧，但是我们的脚却自有它的主张。它不善于表达，但爱自由，而且嗅觉无比灵敏。更重要的是，它往往比我们高举标语的手、能言善辩的嘴、荷尔蒙涌动的头脑更诚实，因为它有足够的谦卑去屈从于常识。

    应该说，和兄弟国家相比，东德真够倒霉的：它的统治并不比它们更严酷，不幸的是从地缘上来说，这座天堂离人间太近。制造幸福感有两种方式，一种是增进福利，一种拉紧窗帘指着墙上画着的那张大饼说：看见没，这就是天堂。后者显然比前者要简便得多。但可惜50年代东西德之间没有窗帘，当东德人瞥见窗外的西德人拿着真的烧饼走来走去时，墙上的那张烧饼就不再有说服力了。

    这本书读下来，我最大的感受就是当时东欧各国的统治程度真“薄”。从53年东德政府朝示威工人开枪，到56年苏联坦克开进布达佩斯，从波兰的抗议到捷克的布拉格之春，东欧政府可以说基本只是靠强力勉强将其政权“糊”在一起——甚至连强力都是从苏联借来的。我们知道，世界有一种富人“穷得只剩下钱”，套用这个句式，世界上有一种强权，“虚弱得只剩下暴力”。如果那些东欧领导人知道另一国的领袖可以在几千万人被饿死之后还享受民众如痴如醉的万岁万岁万万岁，肯定会大惊失色进而妒火中烧。

    书里有个情节颇有趣。在一个横跨东西柏林的建筑里，一个东德人试图从二楼窗口跳到楼下的西柏林。楼上，东德警察从窗口拽住他的胳膊，楼下，西德人则从下面拽住他的脚踝。“一场拔河比赛就此展开，不过在这种情况下，由于重力在西德人一边，这个逃跑者取得了胜利。”我想，在这里，作者的“重力”一词，也许可以做很多意味深长的解释。

原文链接

凌志美在李丽娜、克林顿和戈尔的注视下发表了一项声明。 图：Andrew Gombert/EPA

Two American journalists who were detained in North Korea from March to August have said they "deeply regret" entering the country, as they described how guards dragged them back across the border and into captivity.
两名美国记者在今年三月到八月被朝鲜当局扣留。在讲述自己如何被朝鲜士兵拖行过国界并拘留囚禁的时候，她们表示对进入朝鲜“深感后悔”。


In their first full account of events leading up to their captivity, which ended when the former US president Bill Clinton mounted a surprise visit to Pyongyang, Laura Ling and Euna Lee said they crossed the border for less than a minute.
这一事件缘起于她们遭到朝鲜当局扣押，最后以美国前总统克林顿突然访问平壤收场。凌志美和李丽娜声称，她们越过朝鲜边境的时间不超过一分钟。

The reporters, who have been criticised for endangering refugees they interviewed, admit they knew they were entering North Korea.
两名记者承认，她们知道自己越过了朝鲜边境。此举会使得接受采访的难民陷入险境，她们也因此遭到批评。

The two women, who work for Current TV – co-founded by the former US vice-president Al Gore – were covering a story on human trafficking. They had already interviewed North Korean defectors living in China illicitly and said they wanted to document the smuggling route across the Tumen River which divides China and North Korea.
她们就职于今日电视传媒公司，美国前副总统戈尔是该公司的创始人之一。她们当时正在进行非法入境的采访报道，当时已经采访了一些非法居住在中国的北朝鲜难民，随后打算完成从朝鲜到中国的偷渡路线：中朝边境只有图门江一江之隔。

In a 2,000 word statement posted on the Current TV website, the journalists said they followed their guide because he seemed "cautious and responsible", but added: "We still don't know if we were lured into a trap."
今日电视传媒公司网站上发布了一篇2000字的声明，这两名记者在这份声明中指出她们是跟着向导走的，因为该向导似乎“小心谨慎、很负责任”，但又 补充说：“当时不知道自己被诱入了陷阱。”

They said he had tried to arrange an interview with North Korean associates by telephone the previous night.
她们还补充说，在事发前一晚她们曾试图安排电话采访一些北朝鲜的联络人。

"When we set out, we had no intention of leaving China, but when our guide beckoned for us to follow him beyond the middle of the river, we did, eventually arriving … on the North Korean side. He pointed out a small village in the distance where he told us that North Koreans waited in safehouses to be smuggled into China," they wrote.
她们在声明中写道：“当天出发的时候，我们并没有打算要离开中国。但向导招手示意我们跟着他越过河中间的时候，我们照做了。最后进入了。。。北朝鲜。向导指着远方的小村子，告诉我们那里有些北朝鲜人住在安全所里，等待偷渡到中国。”

They turned back, but midway across the frozen river they heard yelling.
随后她们转身返回，走到一半听到身后传来了喊叫。


"We looked back and saw two North Korean soldiers with rifles running towards us. Instinctively, we ran.
“我们回头一看，是两名配枪的北朝鲜士兵。出于本能，我们拔腿就跑。”

"We were firmly back inside China when the soldiers apprehended us … We tried with all our might to cling to bushes, ground, anything that would keep us on Chinese soil, but … they violently dragged us back across the ice to North Korea and marched us to a nearby army base … Over the next 140 days we were moved to Pyongyang, isolated from one another, repeatedly interrogated and eventually put on trial and sentenced to 12 years of hard labour."
“他们抓到我们的时候，我们肯定已经跑回中国边境以内了。我们使尽全力抓住灌木，草地和其他一切能抓住的东西，希望留在中国的土地上。但他们拖着我们穿过结冰的河，抓回了北朝鲜境内，押到了附近的一个军事基地。接下来的140天里，我们一路被押到了平壤，并且分开关押，然后就是反复的审讯，最后被法庭宣判服12 年的苦役。

Their producer, Mitch Koss, and their guide outran the border guards, they said, adding that they believed it had been their journalistic responsibility to cover the harsh lives of North Korean refugees.
她们的制作人Mitch Koss和向导因为跑得快，从北朝鲜士兵手里逃脱了。他们相信报道这些北朝鲜难民的悲惨生活，是出于记者的责任。

However, they acknowledge aid groups are now finding it harder to operate along the border and that defectors are going deeper underground. "We regret if any of our actions, including the high-profile nature of our confinement, has led to increased scrutiny of activists and North Koreans living along the border. The activists' work is inspiring, courageous and crucial."
他们也承认，如今要越过边境更加困难，那些难民也藏匿地更加隐蔽了。"记者扣押期间的媒体高度的关注，让越来越多的社会活动家（译注：指帮助北朝鲜国民偷渡的人）和边境上的北朝鲜居民受到了监视，对此我们感到很抱歉。这些社会活动家的工作既鼓舞人心、勇气可嘉，又至关重要。"

Describing their shock at their release – one moment thinking they would be sent to a labour camp, the next ushered into a room to meet Clinton – the pair said they were experiencing "tremendous mental and emotional anguish" but felt incredibly fortunate to be free.
两名记者从没想到自己会被释放——就在被押到与克林顿会面的房间之前，她们还觉得自己会被送到劳改营。她们说自己的身心都经历了极度的痛苦，但能被释放实在是万幸。

They said that they would not say more about their time in captivity, adding: "We do not want our story to overshadow the critical plight of these desperate defectors."
她们不愿深谈被扣押期间的细节，补充说：“我们不愿过于渲染自己的经历，那些绝望的逃北者更应该被关注。”

The journalists say they exercised "extreme caution" to protect sources and that once captured they tried to shield interviewees by "swallowing notes and damaging videotapes".
这两位记者说她们对保护采访来源“极度小心”:如果一旦被抓，为了保护受访者她们会把“采访记录吞进嘴里，把录像带销毁”。

There is a large North Korean refugee population in China but they remain underground for fear of being repatriated and sent to labour camps.
在中国境内有大量的北朝鲜难民，由于害怕被遣返和送回劳改营，他们都过着销声匿迹的生活。

A South Korean pastor who assisted the reporters' interviews in China told the New York Times last week that he was deported and his five secret homes for refugees shut down after their capture.
一名协助记者在中国采访的韩国传教士，在上周对《纽约时报》指称，自美国记者被北朝鲜关押后，他被遣返回国，他的5间难民收容所也被关闭。

The Rev Lee Chan-woo said police raided his home in China on 19 March, two days after the journalists were seized.
传教士Lee Chan-woo说在3月9日，美国记者被捕后两天，警方搜查了他在中国的住所。

"The Chinese cited scenes from films confiscated from the journalists when they interrogated me," he said.
他说：“警方在审讯的时候，向我展示了从美国记者那里没收的几张胶卷底片。”

He claimed that children at one home told him the crew asked them to face the cameras and speak to their mothers.
Lee Chan-woo声称，其中一间难民收容所的孩子告诉他，采访组让他们面对镜头，和他们的母亲讲话。

The journalists refer to the visit in their account but do not address Lee's claims. They say they did not film anyone's face, except for a woman who allowed them to shoot her profile.
美国记者在报道中提到了这次采访，但没证实Lee Chan-woo的说法，她们说除了一位愿意被拍到脸的妇女，并没有拍其他任何人。

They said they were "surprised" that the Rev Chun Ki-won – who leads the mission for which Lee works and has helped hundreds of North Koreans to reach countries such as the US – spoke to the media after their arrest. They said they had carefully followed his instructions in contacting his associates in China.
她们表示对温春基传教士在自己被捕后接受采访感到很“惊讶”。春基温领导了Lee Chan-woo所在的整个救援行动，救援行动已经帮助数百人逃出北朝鲜至美国等地。他们与救援行动在中国的联络人有过接触，小心地按照指示行事。

Chun, the reporters' main contact, told the New York Times that two of their interviewees fled China after learning of the arrests.
这两名记者的主要联络人Chung告诉纽约时报，在记者被捕后，两名受访者逃离了中国。

A PR representative for the reporters' families did not respond to the newspaper's queries, but a Current TV spokesman told it that "many of the details" in the pastors' accounts were "not correct".
采访组的公关代表没有正面回应《纽约时报》的提问，但今日电视传媒公司的发言人说传教士说法中的“很多细节”都“不正确”。

Separately, a senior North Korean official has arrived in China for talks, increasing hopes that progress can be made towards the resumption of talks on the country's nuclear programme.
另外，一位北朝鲜高层日前已经抵华，增加了重启朝核六方会谈的希望。

Kim Yong-il, the north's vice foreign minister, met officials in Beijing to discuss bilateral relations, the regional situation and issues of mutual concern, said the Chinese foreign ministry's spokeswoman Jiang Yu. Kim's trip comes a fortnight after the Chinese nuclear envoy Wu Dawei visited Pyongyang, although Jiang said the trip was to mark 60 years of diplomatic ties.
中国外交部发言人姜瑜指称，日前北朝鲜副外长金永日抵达北京与中国高层见面，就双边关系、地区局势以及共同关心的问题交换了意见。在中国朝核六方会谈主席武大伟访问平壤两周后，金永日就来华进行访问，尽管姜瑜声称金抵华是为了中朝建交六十周年纪念。

A senior South Korean official said conciliatory gestures from the north in recent weeks did not reflect fundamental changes in its approach because it had shown no signs of ending its nuclear weapons programme.
某位韩国高层认为虽然北朝鲜在最近几周摆出了愿意调停的姿态，但这并不说明北朝鲜会有本质性的改变--它的核武器项目仍在进行，没有停止的迹象。

The south's unification minister Hyun In-taek said Pyongyang's olive branches were "just tactical changes because the north has neither declared its return to the six-nation talks nor changed its position" on disarmament.
韩国统一部部长玄仁泽说，平壤当局递出的橄榄枝“只是在策略上有所变化，因为北朝鲜既没有明说要重返六方会谈，同时也没有改变态度”。

The Walt Disney empire is to buy the superheroes stable Marvel Entertainment for $4bn (£2.5bn) in a star-studded Hollywood deal that unites family names such as Mickey Mouse with lucrative characters including Spider-Man, the Incredible Hulk and the X-Men.

迪斯尼公司计划斥资40亿美元（25亿英镑）收购奇迹娱乐（Marvel Entertainment），将该公司旗下众多堪称摇钱树的卡通角色纳入囊中。米老鼠将和蜘蛛侠、绿巨人以及X战警等超级英雄欢聚一堂，迪斯尼公司自此众星云集，熠熠生辉。


Disney hopes to put Marvel's 5,000 characters to work on its television channels and in video games, theme parks and movies. The agreed takeover is for a mixture of cash and stock, with Disney shares accounting for roughly 40% of the buyout price.

迪斯尼希望，让奇迹娱乐的5000个卡通形象出现在迪斯尼旗下的众多电视频道、电玩游戏、主题公园和电影中。整个收购计划包括现金和股票换购，其中迪士尼股票的价值接近交易总价的40%。

The tie-up unites two companies with similar business models – they both take characters which capture the popular imagination and promote them vigorously around the world on every possible media platform and through third-party licensing deals.

此次收购行动将使得两家公司强强联手，他们的商业模式颇有相似之处－－在世界各地通过所有的媒体平台以及包括第三方许可协议交易，强力推广旗下许多令大众趋之若鹜的卡通形象。

While Disney has traditionally been known for its wholesome family creations ranging from the Little Mermaid to Lion King, Hannah Montana and Pocahontas, the purchase of Marvel adds an edgier, more violent element – it recently scored a box office success with Iron Man, a movie starring Robert Downey Jr as a billionaire inventor who creates a hi-tech suit of armour to battle evil.

迪斯尼素来以能够合家观赏的作品闻名于世－－从《小妇人》到《狮子王》，从《汉娜·蒙塔娜》到《风中奇缘》，无一不是。而收购奇迹娱乐将为迪斯尼融入更多 流行元素和暴力色彩－－最近奇迹娱乐出品的电影如小罗伯特·唐尼（Robert Downey Jr）主演的电影《钢铁侠》在票房上大获成功，该电影讲述了一个拥有亿万家财的发明家造出高科技盔甲打败恶人的故事。

Marvel's characters, who include superhero Captain America, tend to chime particularly well with teenage boys and young men, while Disney has been stronger in appealing to a female audience.

奇迹娱乐麾下拥有如“美国上尉”登这样的超级英雄卡通形象，这将吸引更多男性青少年人群，而迪斯尼公司历来更容易受到女性的欢迎。

Disney's chief executive, Bob Iger, said Marvel had a "treasure trove" of intellectual property that "transcends gender, age, culture and geographical barriers".

迪斯尼总裁鲍勃·伊格（Bob Iger）说，奇迹娱乐拥有“超越性别、年龄、文化和地理限制”的知识产权“宝藏”。

"There are so many opportunities to mine both characters that are known and characters that are not widely known," Iger said.

伊格说：“（奇迹娱乐）的卡通角色，无论出名的还是不太出名的，都有许多潜力可挖掘。”

The tie-up is one of the largest US corporate transactions of the summer and marks a remarkable turnaround for Marvel, originally a comic book company, which filed for bankruptcy in 1996 under heavy debts as it faced a slump in comic book sales.

此次收购是今夏美国最大的公司交易之一，同时也为奇迹娱乐带来生机——奇迹娱乐起初是一家漫画公司，1996年因漫画销售量急剧下滑而身负巨额债务，最后申请破产。

The two companies hope to complete the deal by the end of the year. Marvel's chief executive, Ike Perlmutter, will be the largest personal winner, scooping $1.4bn in cash and Disney shares in return for his 37% stake in the business.

收购计划预计在年底之内完成。奇迹娱乐总裁珀耳莫特（Ike Perlmutter）是最大的个人赢家，他的个人财产一夕暴增，迪士尼用14亿美元的现金和股票换购他个人持有的37%奇迹娱乐股份。

Perlmutter has been involved in running Marvel since helping to buy the business out of bankruptcy in 1998.

自1998年帮助奇迹娱乐摆脱破产困境以来，珀耳莫特一直参与经营奇迹娱乐。

Marvel's chairman, Mort Handel, described Disney as a "perfect home" for his company's library of characters. "Both companies have their roots in great storytelling and innovative artistry," he said.

奇迹娱乐的董事会主席莫特亨德尔(Mort Handel)称旗下的卡通人物在迪士尼找到了“完美归宿”，他说：“两家公司都擅长于说故事和艺术创新。”

Marvel had sales of $676m last year but employed just 300 people. Disney, in contrast, had a turnover of $37.8bn and a payroll of 150,000 staff at businesses varying from its Hollywood film studios to ABC television, theme parks on three continents and a high-street chain of Disney merchandise stores.

奇迹娱乐去年创下6.76亿美元的销售额，但旗下员工仅有300人；相比之下，迪士尼去年的销售额高达378亿美元，旗下员工多达15万，业务涉足好莱坞电影院、ABC电视网、主题公园和许多位于繁华街道的迪士尼商品专卖店。

"This helps give Disney more important exposure to the young male demographic that they have sort of lost some ground with in recent years," said David Joyce, a media analyst at stockbroker Miller Tabak.

Miller Tabak证券公司的媒体分析师David Joyce指出：“近年来迪斯尼在年轻男性消费者中的受关注程度有所下降，此次收购对于吸引这一人群至关重要。”

He added: "When you look at the kind of TV shows on their cable networks, and the Disney consumer products line for the princess and fairies – the Hannah Montana kind of stuff – it shows that they have a lot of strength addressing the young female demographic."

他补充说：“你可以看一下（迪斯尼）的有线电视节目，还有那些公主、仙女的周边商品，还有汉娜·蒙塔娜之类的东西，他们在年轻女性消费人群上花了很多精力。”

In a research note, Citigroup analyst Jason Bazinet said: "Disney will also be able to monetise Marvel's brands across its entire ecosystem from TV to parks, movies, consumer products and video games."

花旗集团分析家Jason Bazinet 在最近一份报告中指出：“迪斯尼可以通过旗下的电视频道、主题公园、电影、周边商品和电玩游戏等整个系统让奇迹娱乐的品牌变成实实在在的钱。”

Marvel's shares shot up by 26% to $48.78 during early trading on Wall Street. The buyout values Marvel at $50 per share.

今早奇迹娱乐的股价在华尔街报收于48.78美元，暴涨了26%。而迪斯尼收购奇迹娱乐的报价是每股50美元。